Optimization of battery energy storage system size and power allocation strategy for fuel cell ship

The fuel cell system (FCS) is commonly combined with an energy storage (ESS) for enhancing the performance of ship. Consequently, battery ESS size and power allocation strategy are critical hybrid system. This paper focuses on designing a method to solve these two problems. First, degradation model employed assess lifetime. Subsequently, sizing problem optimal integrated into cost-minimization problem, which solved by double-loop optimization approach. inside loop utilizes calculate In outside loop, based Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm Gray Wolf presented. Finally, extended real-time implementation equivalent consumption minimization (ECMS) improved ECMS proposed make FCS operates near maximal efficiency point. Compared ECMS, operating cost reduces 0.26%. result indicates that can optimize efficiently, assure stable operation